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The History of Kansas State Penitentiary

The Kansas State Penitentiary, established by the Kansas Territorial Legislature in 1859, is one of the nation’s oldest prisons and offers a remarkable opportunity to explore over 160 years of rich history. This historic site stands as a testament to the evolution of the American justice system. The compelling stories of those who lived and worked within its formidable walls are shared by former correctional officers, assistant wardens, and wardens.

Historical Significance:
The Kansas State Penitentiary is more than just a building; it symbolizes Kansas’ early statehood and the challenges of establishing law and order on the frontier. Opening shortly after Kansas became a state, this prison has witnessed significant events from the Civil War to the modern era, with each period leaving its mark on its history.

Architectural Marvel:
The prison’s imposing limestone structures, quarried and constructed by early inmates, reflect the craftsmanship of that era. As you walk the grounds, you can almost hear echoes of the past—the sound of hammers in the stone quarries, voices from the chow hall, and even the performances that once took place within its walls.

Personal Narratives:
The untold stories of inmates, staff, and their families provide a rich tapestry of experiences that highlight themes of rehabilitation, resilience, and human struggles. Educational programs often include personal accounts from former staff or historians who can elaborate on the complexities of life inside the prison. This aspect brings a personal touch to the factual history, making it more relatable and engaging.

Cultural Connections:
The facility is also a significant piece of cultural history, having hosted performances from iconic musicians, like Johnny Cash and his wife, June Carter Cash during the early 1970’s to hosting the annual “Behind the Walls” car show the last weekend in September.

Interactive Learning:
Guided tours by former correctional officers can offer engaging learning opportunities for students, history enthusiasts, and the general public. These experiences can include interactive exhibits, discussions, and even workshops that delve deeper into the societal implications of incarceration and reform.

Overall, the historic Kansas State Penitentiary stands as an educational resource, inviting reflection on justice, history, and human experience. It encourages visitors to engage thoughtfully with the complexities of the past while considering their relevance to contemporary issues.

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“Behind the Walls” a car show

Rev up your engines and get ready for an exhilarating day at our second annual “Behind the Walls” car and motorcycle show, set against the unique backdrop of the historic Kansas State Penitentiary on Saturday, September 27, 2025! This year, we’re throwing open the gates wide to welcome everyone, so rally your friends and family for a spectacular day of automotive excitement!

Picture a sprawling venue filled with an incredible array of gleaming, jaw-dropping vehicles, each one vying for attention under the brilliant September sun. The ballfield is primed for action, ready to welcome all the high-octane thrills and creative displays. Shine up those wheels, because you’ll be immersed in a world of stunning cars, infectious energy, and unforgettable moments! We can’t wait for you to experience this lively celebration of all things automotive!

Join us in supporting the Lansing Historical Society and Museum as you dive into this vibrant community event!

For just $25, you can bring your car along (drivers included!), with the same fee for passengers and walk-ins. And guess what? This isn’t just about cars—it’s also a fantastic fundraiser for the Lansing Historical Society and Museum, so you’ll be supporting a great cause while having a blast!

We have tons of space for all the jaw-dropping vehicles, and the ballfield is ready for action too. So polish up those wheels and prepare for a day filled with spectacular cars, good vibes, and lots of excitement! We can’t wait to see you there!

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The story of Ernest Aspinwall

This photo of Ernest Aspinwall, taken in 1959 by a Kansas City Star photographer, captures a moment of recognition for Ernie and his incredible artistic talent. At the time, the Star was featuring a story about his life, his artwork, and the frescoes he painted in the auditorium of the Service Center building. In the background of the photo, the older penitentiary buildings are visible, including the building that housed Death Row. This historic view contrasts with the present use of the same space, which is now the site of the baseball field and recreation area.

Aspinwall’s sentences were commuted by the governor in 1959, and by 1969, Aspinwall was creating art as a street artist in San Francisco. Today many of his works are considered highly collectible.

This photo serves as a powerful reminder of Aspinwall’s story and the evolution of the penitentiary itself – preserving the past while acknowledging its transformation over time.

The Service Center Building, constructed in 1923, is an extraordinary part of the Kansas State Penitentiary’s legacy, showcasing stunning Art Deco design on both its exterior and the interior of its auditorium/gymnasium. This three-story brick building holds a deep historical and cultural significance.
One of its most notable features is the series of four frescoes painted by former inmate Ernest Aspinwall. Aspinwall, serving two life sentences as an habitual criminal, demonstrated remarkable artistic talent during his incarceration. The frescoes are remarkable depictions of early frontier life and the pioneers who settled in Kansas. Aspinwall was deeply dedicated to his craft, often spending months researching the subject matter of his art to ensure its authenticity and detail.
Aspinwall’s meticulous work reflects not only his artistic talent but also to his commitment to preserving history through art. These frescoes are more than just paintings on a wall, they are an irreplaceable record of Kansas’s frontier past, capturing the spirit of those who helped shape the state’s identity.

Aspinwall painted a series of 14 paintings depicting life inside the walls of Kansas State Penitentiary. They hang on the walls of the administration building at Lansing Correctional Facility today.

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Lansing Historical Society and Museum: A Gateway to History

The Lansing Historical Society and Museum is situated on the Kansas State Penitentiary grounds, serving as a vital center for the local community’s history. It focuses on preserving and sharing the unique heritage of Lansing and the surrounding Delaware Township, with significant emphasis on the roles of railroads, prisons, and coal mining in shaping the area.

The Museum Experience

Housed in a meticulously restored 1887 Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway depot, the museum is more than just a display of artifacts; it offers a rich, immersive experience through local history. Visitors can explore an extensive collection of photographs and historical documents, including school images dating back to 1908, providing a comprehensive understanding of the region’s past.

Mission Statement

The mission of the Lansing Historical Society is to safeguard and share the rich history of Delaware Township, including the City of Lansing and the town of Progress. Through our collections and exhibits, we aim to preserve authentic historical materials and broaden the public’s awareness of local stories.

Trains and Trolleys

The museum highlights the profound impact of the transcontinental railroad on the nation’s growth during the Civil War. Notable railroads, including the Kansas City-Western Railway Co., traversed through towns in Delaware Township, connecting communities and fueling economic development. The museum’s collection includes railroad maps, documents, timetables, and photographs that chronicle this important aspect of local history.

The Coal Mines

Established in 1859 by the Kansas Territorial Legislature, the Kansas State Penitentiary is one of the oldest correctional institutions in the U.S., designed by local architect Erasmus T. Carr. The facility significantly influenced the development of the area, fostering the growth of the nearby Town of Progress.
From 1944 to 1965 it conducted hangings for capital punishment with notable cases including those of Lowell Andrews and the Clutter family murderers, Perry Smith and Richard Hickock, whose stories are immortalized in Truman Capote’s novel, “In Cold Blood.” Smith and Hickock were hung April 15, 1965 followed by George Lathrop and James York two months later on the 22 June.

The discovery of coal in Delaware Township led to the establishment of several coal mines, including Carr, Brighton, and the Kansas State Penitentiary. KSP not only utilized its coal resources to power its operations but also supplied fuel to numerous state buildings, highlighting the prison’s role in the states economy.

Kansas State Penitentiary

The The infamous gallows once occupied a corner of the warehouse before being dismantled and acquired by the Kansas State Historical Society.

Perry Edward Smith

October 27, 1928 – April 14, 1965

Richard Eugene Hickock

June 6, 1931 – April 14, 1965

History of
Delaware Township

Two women dash before the camera at the intersection of Main and Richardson Road in Lansing. Richardson was later renamed Eisenhower Road.

Delaware Township is the historical heart of the Lansing region, encompassing several former towns, such as Progress, Brighton, and Wadsworth. The township’s history includes the development of the Brighton Mine and the flourishing agricultural sectors, like the Ryan Brothers Cattle Farm, highlighting the diverse economic landscape of the area from the late 19th century to today.

The Lansing Historical Society and Museum plays a crucial role in preserving this intricate tapestry of history, ensuring that future generations can learn about and appreciate the rich legacy of their community.

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Give the Gift of a Gift Certificate

A gift certificate for a historic Kansas State Penitentiary tour is a unique and memorable option! Give the gift of an unforgettable experience, exploring the stories and history of this iconic site. Perfect for history buffs, true crime fans, or anyone who loves a good adventure!
Please email us at: info@lansingkansashistory.com

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Plan Ahead to Secure Your Spot!

Step into history with a guided tour of the historic Kansas State Penitentiary, where stories of notorious inmates, daring escapes, and a rich past come to life. Our tours are a unique opportunity to explore this iconic landmark, offering a glimpse into the architecture, culture, and justice system of its time.

These popular tours often sell out, so we strongly encourage you to book ahead to secure your preferred day and time. Whether you’re a history enthusiast, a true crime fan, or simply curious about this one-of-a-kind site, you will want to take advantage of it!

Why Book Ahead?

  • Guaranteed access on your preferred date and time
  • Limited group sizes for a more personalized experience
  • Tours fill up quickly – don’t wait!

Reserve your spot today and make history part of your journey!

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The Photography Tour

Hey there! We are giving you a heads-up that the photography tour follows the same route as the regular tour. We’ve made the photography tour three hours instead of two because we’ve noticed that people with cameras tend to take a bit longer at each stop. We want everyone to have a great time, so we want to ensure you know that before you book.